L-Tetrahydropalmatine is an alkaloid found in Corydalis and Stephania that exhibits analgesic, antidepressant, anxiolytic, cardioprotective, and neuromodulatory activities. L-Tetrahydropalmatine is the more active isomer of tetrahydropalmatine; it inhibits D1/2 receptors and suppresses reward and reinforcement signaling in animal models of substance abuse. L-Tetrahydropalmatine also increases time spent in open arms and decreases grooming behavior and immobility in various assays of anxiety and depression in vivo. Additionally, L-tetrahydropalmatine inhibits oxaliplatin-induced neuropathic pain in animal models. In animal models of myocardial ischemia/reperfusion, this compound decreases levels of NO and TNF-α, suppresses myeloperoxidase activity, and increases HIF-1α and VEGF levels.
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