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Background Reading

Devchand, P.R., Keller, H., Peters, J.M., et al. The PPARα-leukotriene B₄ pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384 39-43 (1996).

Kroetz, D.L., Yook, P., Costet, P., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α controls the hepatic CYP4A induction adaptive response to starvation and diabetes. J Biol Chem 273 31581-31589 (1998).

Forman, B.M., Chen, J., and Evans, R.M. Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 4312-4317 (1997).

Mukherjee, R., Jow, L., Noonan, D., et al. Human and rat peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 51 157-166 (1994).

Martin, G., Schoonjans, K., Lefevbre, A., et al. Coordinate regulation of the expression of the fatty acid transport protein and acyl-CoA synthetase genes by PPARα and PPARγ activators. J Biol Chem 272 28210-28217 (1997).

Latruffe, N., and Vamecq, J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie 79 81-94 (1997).

Sher, T., Yi, H., McBride, O.W., et al. cDNA cloning, chromosomal mapping, and functional characterization of the human peroxisome proliferator activated receptor. Biochemistry 32 5598-5604 (1993).

Gearing, K.L., Crickmore, A., and Gustafsson, J. Structure of the mouse peroxisome proliferator activated receptor a gene. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 199 255-263 (1994).

Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12 335-363 (1996).

Lehmann, J.M., Lenhard, J.M., Oliver, B.B., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a and g are activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Biol Chem 272 3406-3410 (1997).

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Description

Antigen:human, mouse, and rat amino acids 22-36 (PLSEEFLQEMGNIQE)·Host:rabbit·Application(s):WB·PPARα is a ligand-activated transcription factor involved in the regulation of lipid homeostasis.^1,2 Fatty acids, NSAIDs, prostaglandins, leukotriene B₄ (LTB₄), WY 14643, and hypolipidemic drugs are PPARα ligands.^3,4,5 PPARα transcriptionally regulates a variety of genes for enzymes and proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism and oxidation, such as acyl-CoA oxidase, enol-CoA hydratase, medium chain fatty acyl-CoA dehydrogenase, fatty acid transport protein, and cytochrome P450 4A isozymes.^2,6,7 Northern blot analysis reveals that PPARα is expressed predominately in liver, skeletal muscle, heart, and kidney.⁸ The molecular weight of PPARα is approximately 52,000 based on the deduced amino acid sequence.

1Latruffe, N., and Vamecq, J. Peroxisome proliferators and peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) as regulators of lipid metabolism. Biochimie 79 81-94 (1997).

2Lemberger, T., Desvergne, B., and Wahli, W. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors: A nuclear receptor signaling pathway in lipid physiology. Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol 12 335-363 (1996).

3Devchand, P.R., Keller, H., Peters, J.M., et al. The PPARα-leukotriene B₄ pathway to inflammation control. Nature 384 39-43 (1996).

4Lehmann, J.M., Lenhard, J.M., Oliver, B.B., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors a and g are activated by indomethacin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. J Biol Chem 272 3406-3410 (1997).

5Forman, B.M., Chen, J., and Evans, R.M. Hypolipidemic drugs, polyunsaturated fatty acids, and eicosanoids are ligands for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α and δ. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 4312-4317 (1997).

6Martin, G., Schoonjans, K., Lefevbre, A., et al. Coordinate regulation of the expression of the fatty acid transport protein and acyl-CoA synthetase genes by PPARα and PPARγ activators. J Biol Chem 272 28210-28217 (1997).

7Kroetz, D.L., Yook, P., Costet, P., et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α controls the hepatic CYP4A induction adaptive response to starvation and diabetes. J Biol Chem 273 31581-31589 (1998).

8Mukherjee, R., Jow, L., Noonan, D., et al. Human and rat peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) demonstrate similar tissue distribution but different responsiveness to PPAR activators. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 51 157-166 (1994).