Antigen:
synthetic peptide corresponding to human IKKε amino acids 175-188
·
Clone designation:
72B587
·
Host:
rabbit
·
Isotype:
IgG2aκ
·
Application(s):
FC (intracellular) and WB
·
Peptide sequence:
amino acids 175-188
·
Nuclear Factor-κB (NF-κB) is sequestered in the cytoplasm by the IκB family of inhibitory proteins that mask the nuclear localization signal of NF-κB, thereby preventing translocation of NF-κB to the nucleus.1 External stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor or other cytokines result in phosphorylation and degradation of IκB, releasing NF-κB dimers. NF-κB dimers subsequently translocate to the nucleus and activate target genes.2 IκB proteins are phosphorylated by IκB kinase complex consisting of at least three proteins, IKK1/α, IKK2/β, and IKK3/γ.3,4,5 Using a subtractive hybridization technique, a novel kinase, IKKε has been isolated.6 LPS increases IKKε mRNA levels in mouse macrophage cell lines. This protein has significant sequence homology with kinase domains of IKKα and IKKβ. Overexpression of wild-type IKKε in cells phosphorylates Ser32 and Ser36 of IκBα.
1
Mercurio, F., Zhu, H., Murray, B.W., et al. IKK-1 and IKK-2: Cytokine-activated IκB kinases essential for NF-κB activation. Science 278(5339) 860-866 (1997).
2
Shimada, T., Kawai, T., Takeda, K., et al. IKK-i, a novel lipopolysaccharide-inducible kinase that is related to IκB kinases. Int Immunol 11(8) 1357-1362 (1999).
3
Verma, I.M., Stevenson, J.K., Schwarz, E.M., et al. Rel/NF-κB/IκB family: Intimate tales of association and dissociation. Genes Dev 9 2723-2735 (1995).
4
Verma, I.M., and Stevenson, J. IκB kinase: Beginning, not the end. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 11758-11760 (1997).
5
DiDonato, J.A., Hayakawa, M., Rothwarf, D.M., et al. A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB. Nature 388 548-554 (1997).
6
Régnier, C.H., Song, H.Y., Gao, X., et al. Identification and characterization of an IκB kinase. Cell 90 373-383 (1997).
