Antigen:
synthetic peptide containing phosphorylated serines corresponding to human IκBα amino acids 32 and 36
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Clone designation:
39A1413
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Host:
mouse
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Isotype:
IgG1κ
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Application(s):
ELISA
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Source:
amino acids 32 and 36
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NF-κB is silenced in the cytoplasm by an inhibitory protein IκB.1 Synthesis of IκBα is autoregulated.2 IκB proteins are phosphorylated by IκB kinase complex consisting of at least three proteins, IKK1/α, IKK2/β, and IKK3/γ.3,4,5,6 External stimuli such as tumor necrosis factor or other cytokines initiates a signal transduction cascade that leads to activation of the IκB-kinase complex that specifically phosphorylates IκBa on serine32 and serine36. Phosphorylation of these sites leads to ubiquitination of IκBα and susequent degradation by the 26 S-proteasome. Degradation of IκBα results in unmasking of the nuclear localization signal of NF-κB dimers, which subsequently translocate to the nucleus and activate target genes.7,8 Six members of the IκB family members have been identified.1 One of the first genes induced following NF-κB activation is IκBα. The product is a biotinylated form of IκBα (Phospho-Ser32/36) Monoclonal Antibody (Clone 39A1413) (Item No. 13923).
1
Ghosh, S., May, M.J., and Kopp, E.B. NF-κB and rel proteins: Evolutionarily conserved mediators of immune responses. Annu Rev Immunol 16 225-260 (1998 Apr 1 1998).
2
Baldwin, A.S. The NF-κ-B and IκB proteins: New discoveries and insights. Annu Rev Immunol 14 649-681 (1996 Apr 1 1996).
3
Régnier, C.H., Song, H.Y., Gao, X., et al. Identification and characterization of an IκB kinase. Cell 90 373-383 (1997).
4
Mercurio, F., Zhu, H., Murray, B.W., et al. IKK-1 and IKK-2: Cytokine-activated IκB kinases essential for NF-κB activation. Science 278(5339) 860-866 (1997).
5
Yamaoka, S., Courtois, G., Bessia, C., et al. Complementation cloning of NEMO, a component of the IκB kinase complex essential for NF-κB activation. Cell 93 1231-1240 (1998).
6
Verma, I.M., Stevenson, J.K., Schwarz, E.M., et al. Rel/NF-κB/IκB family: Intimate tales of association and dissociation. Genes Dev 9 2723-2735 (1995).
7
Verma, I.M., and Stevenson, J. IκB kinase: Beginning, not the end. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 94 11758-11760 (1997).
8
DiDonato, J.A., Hayakawa, M., Rothwarf, D.M., et al. A cytokine-responsive IκB kinase that activates the transcription factor NF-κB. Nature 388 548-554 (1997).
