S,S-Tetrandrine is a benzylisoquinoline alkaloid originally found in Stephania that exhibits anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic, analgesic, neuroprotective, cognition enhancing, anti-depressant, anti-osteoporotic, antiviral, and anticancer chemotherapeutic activities. Tetrandrine is a Ca2+ channel blocker; it inhibits mast cell degranulation and suppresses LPS-stimulated expression of COX and inflammatory cytokines, preventing hyperalgesia in animal models. Tetrandrine also inhibits neurological deficits, decreases infarct size, and suppresses brain edema in animal models of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion. Similarly, this compound inhibits amyloid-β (Aβ)-induced memory and learning impairments in animal models of Alzheimer’s disease. In cellular and animal models of osteoporosis, tetrandrine inhibits osteoclast differentiation and prevents decrease in bone mass. This compound decreases immobility time in the forced swim test and tail suspension test and increases levels of BDNF, 5-HT, and NE in the hippocampus of animal models. In gallbladder carcinoma cells, tetrandrine induces S phase cell cycle arrest, alters the Bcl-2/Bax ratio, induces apoptosis, and inhibits proliferation. Additionally, this compound induces regression in animal models of chromic myelogenous leukemia (CML), decreasing levels of Bcr-Abl and β-catenin. Tetrandrine also prevents Ebola virus infection in animal models.

References

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Zhu R, Liu T, Tan Z, et al. Tetrandrine induces apoptosis in gallbladder carcinoma in vitro. Int J Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2014 Jul 30. [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 25074868.

Zhao H, Luo F, Li H, et al. Antinociceptive effect of tetrandrine on LPS-induced hyperalgesia via the inhibition of IKKβ phosphorylation and the COX-2/PGE₂ pathway in mice. PLoS One. 2014 Apr 10;9(4):e94586. PMID: 24722146.

Ruan L, Huang HS, Jin WX, et al. Tetrandrine attenuated cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury and induced differential proteomic changes in a MCAO mice model using 2-D DIGE. Neurochem Res. 2013 Sep;38(9):1871-9. PMID: 23780673.

Gao S, Cui YL, Yu CQ, et al. Tetrandrine exerts antidepressant-like effects in animal models: role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Behav Brain Res. 2013 Feb 1;238:79-85. PMID: 23085478.

Xu XH, Gan YC, Xu GB, et al. Tetrandrine citrate eliminates imatinib-resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells in vitro and in vivo by inhibiting Bcr-Abl/β-catenin axis. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 2012 Nov;13(11):867-74. PMID: 23125079.

Takahashi T, Tonami Y, Tachibana M, et al. Tetrandrine prevents bone loss in sciatic-neurectomized mice and inhibits receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand-induced osteoclast differentiation. Biol Pharm Bull. 2012;35(10):1765-74. PMID: 23037166.

He FQ, Qiu BY, Zhang XH, et al. Tetrandrine attenuates spatial memory impairment and hippocampal neuroinflammation via inhibiting NF-κB activation in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease induced by amyloid-β(1-42). Brain Res. 2011 Apr 12;1384:89-96. PMID: 21300035.

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